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COVID-19 transmission and protective measures

This page includes advice from WHO on ways to protect yourself and prevent the spread of COVID-19.

Transmission

COVID-19 spreads primarily from person to person in several different ways:

  • It can spread through small liquid particles. These particles range from larger respiratory droplets to smaller aerosols released when an infected person coughs, sneezes, speaks, sings or breathes.
  • It spreads mainly between people who are in close contact with each other, typically within 1 metre.
  • It can also spread in poorly ventilated and/or crowded indoor settings where aerosols remain suspended in the air or travel farther than 1 metre.
  • It can also spread if a person touches surfaces that have been contaminated by the virus.

Aerosol transmission

COVID-19 transmission

COVID-19 transmission person to person

Aerosol transmission
COVID-19 transmission person to person

Protective measures: Do it all

Protect yourself and others from COVID-19 by following these precautions:

  • Get vaccinated as soon as it’s your turn
  • Keep a distance of at least 1 metre from others
  • Open windows when possible
  • Wear a mask
  • Clean hands
  • Cover coughs and sneezes
  • Stay home when sick 

Avoid the 3Cs

Be aware of the different levels of risk in different settings. COVID-19 spreads more easily in crowded places, close-contact settings, and confined and enclosed spaces with poor ventilation. The risk is higher in places where these factors overlap.

Avoid the 3Cs

COVID-19: variants

Viruses, like SARS-CoV-2, change over time and will continue to change the more they circulate. Sometimes, variants of the virus may develop. A variant is where the virus contains at least one new change to the original virus. ​

Some variants of the coronavirus, such as Delta and Omicron, are spreading more easily between people. We know we can protect from the virus and its new variants by: 

  • Getting vaccinated when it’s your turn 
  • Keeping a safe distance 
  • Opening windows when possible 
  • Wearing a mask 
  • Covering coughs and sneezes 
  • Keeping hands clean 
Control the spread of COVID-19 and new variants

Source: WHO Website

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